Industrial robotics Robots in the automobile industry
Classification Determining Parameter of a Robot Application of in Automobile Industry
Robots in Manufacturing
90% of all robots employed today are located in factories. These robots are introduced as industrial robots. Although several types can be found in manufacturing now the most common is joint arm robots.
Ten years ago, 9 out of 10 robots maintained by auto organizations - now, only 50% of robots built today are bought by car manufacturers.
Robots are gradually finding their way in warehouses, laboratories, research and analysis sites, power plants, hospitals, even outer space.
Aerospace Automotive production and supply Chemical, plastics, and rubber manufacturing. Electrical and electronics Entertainment-movie producing, furniture manufacturing, Glass, ceramics and mineral composition, Printing Wood and Foodstuff, and beverage manufacturing.
Distribution Of Industrial Robot
Distribution and classification
Distribution by Degrees of Freedom
Classification by Kinematic Structure
Classification by Motion Specialties
Classification by Workspace Geometry
Classification by Drive Technology
Amount of axes
Degrees of freedom
Carrying capacity
Working envelope Kinematics
Acceleration
Repeatability
Accuracy
Types of Robot
General-purpose self-sufficient robots
Industrial Robots
Military Robots
Research Robots
Health Care Robots
Excavating Robots
Traditional production robot control uses robot arms and widely pre-computed motions Programming utilizing “teach box” Monotonous tasks High speed Few sensing services High accuracy movements Pre-planned trajectories and task management No intercommunication with humans.
A manufacturing or industrial robot is a Programmable Multi-functional Created to move supplies, parts, tools or specialized devices Through programmed actions To perform various tasks.
Constructing products Managing dangerous materials Sprinkling finishes Examining parts, products, and livestock Cutting and smoothing Welding.
Automation involves a standardized device that can mimic the movements of people to do the task that people can’t do or don’t desire to do. For the self-regulation of automobile industry robots are used.
The first industrial robot was produced in the 1950s Further improvements enable to utilize robots in Variety of types Form Size Their functionalities may include but not confined to Welding - Drilling Painting - Army applications Assembly - Dangerous material removal Pick-and-place robot Stock handling.
A typical robot consists of several various parts connected Most robots follow a human arm Its motions are guided by a computer program depends on the type of robot, movement abilities of them are regulated by the term standards of freedom
How Automobile robot works
How do robots work:
There are 3 energy sources Hydraulic drive Joints are operated by hydraulic operators
The major drawbacks are: The floor is utilized by the installation of hydraulic operation Leaks may be noticed often and cause untidy floor.
Advantages: Due to the pace and power, they are used in comprehensive large industrial robots Also craved to use in situations where electric-driven robots might cause fire, etc. Electric Drive Comparison to Hydraulic systems, less energy, and slower speed Most popular robot types in the industry.
There are two different groups: Stepper motors and Direct current (DC) servo-motor operated Pneumatic Drive Ordinarily installed to small robots Tends to have several degrees of freedom Operations are easy and fewer cycle times Less expensive As most of the robot parts are commercially accessible, a small organization can build their robots.
How do we know the position of robot arms?
Sensors are used to observe the motion of robots Movement of robots is sustained by the power based on the provided input (computer algorithm) Once the order is delivered, it is important to know the location of the robot’s arm/components.
Its movements should be managed during the entire motion Robot should also be competent in sensing their environments Sensors furnishes feedback to the controller and give versatility to robots.
Types of sensors being used in robotics
1. Position Sensors: Observes the location of joints Coordinate report is feedback to controller This information gives the system the capability of location the end-effectors, which is the part normally performs the tasks.
2. Range sensors: Estimate the distance between a point in the robot and share point that surrounds the robots The job is usually done by television cameras or sonar transmitters and receivers If the sonar or camera misses a point, undesired events may occur.
3. Velocity sensors: Determine the speed using an effective manipulator Due to the effects created by, mechanical force, gravity, the weight of the contents, etc, the desired speed and wanted the force to reach the speed should be calculated continuously.
4. Proximity sensors: Sense and an indication of the behavior of another object within designated distances Averts accidents and locate the presence of work-piece
Robot movements
Robots are feasible when they are quick but also the durability is high The trade-off among speed and stability is maintained by a powerful control system Robotics and Control are two joint systems.
Robotic actions and joints Robots expected to perform
1. Rotational movements
2. Radial movements
3. Vertical movements
Type of joints
1. Rotational joints
2. Twisting joints
3. Revolving joints
4. Linear joints
Analysis of robot motions
Forward and Backward Kinematics theories
Forward Kinematics: Transformation of the coordinate of the end-effectors duration from the joint space to the world space Position of end-effectors is computed based on the joints positions
Backward Kinematics: Transformation of coordinates from world space to joint space In this theory the position of end-effectors is identified in world coordinate system Essential motion is computed based on this data.
LL Robot: Base is static, arms are straight joints RRR Robot: Base is static, arms are rotational parts TL Robot: Base is rotational and the arm is linear joint (x1, y1) (x2, y2) (x, y) L2 L1 L3 (x, y) (x, y)
Essentials of robot programming Expect The pathway robot should follow The points it should reach Specifications about how to interpret the sensor data How and when the end-effectors should be initiated How to move parts between given positions.
Essentials of robot programming and techniques Teach-by showing: Robot can replicate the motion already been done by the programmer Textual language programming A computer programming is written using logical observations Some of the languages are: Wave, VAL, AML, RAIL, MCL, TL-10, IRL, PLAW, SINGLA and ACL
Material handling is the most popular application with 38% of the operational stock of industrial robots worldwide. This includes robotic machine tending, palatalizing, and various operations for metal machining and plastic molding. With the introduction of collaborative robots in the last few years, this part of the market is always increasing.
This section mostly covers spot welding and arc welding which is largely used by the automotive industry. Spot welding is still more popular than robotic arc welding but not for long; as arc welding is growing very popular in metal manufacturing. More small workshops are beginning to introduce welding robots into their production. In fact, with the price of a robot falling and the different tools now available on the market, it is easier to automate a welding process.
Assembly services include press-fitting, fixing, inserting, disassembling, etc. This section of robotic applications seems to have diminished over the last few years, even while other robotic applications have increased. The purpose of why the applications are diversified is because of the entrance of different technologies such as force-torque sensors and tactile sensors that gives more extra sensations to the robot.
Here we are talking about gluing, applying adhesive sealing, painting, spraying, etc. Only 4% of operational robots are doing dispensing.
Processing is not a big portion of industrial robots (only 2%) and this is apparently because a lot of motorized machines are available on the market to do precisely these applications. The main application areas are mechanical, laser and liquid jet cutting
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